Social Work Practice Skills, Social Work Is
Social Work Practice Skills, Social Work Is (pixabay)
Social Work Practice Skills, SocialWork Is
Social Work Is
As
a professional activity, Zastrow (1999:24) suggests that social work is based
on the framework of knowledge (body of knowledge), the framework of values
(body of value), and the framework of expertise (body of skill).
Tan
and Envall (2000:5) define social work, as follows:
Social
work is a way to encourage problem solving related to humanitarian relations,
social change, human empowerment and liberation, and the improvement of
society. Using theories of human behavior and social systems, social work
intervenes at the point (or situation) in which people interact with their
environment. The principles of human rights and social justice are essential to
social work.
According
To O.Connor, et.al (2003:1):
Social
work practice seeks to promote human well-being and to redress human suffering
and injustice. Practitioners aim to mobilize the force of the individual,
community and state to address the process by which individuals and groups are
marginalized or diminished in their capacity to participate as citizens
Social Work Practice Skills, Social Work Is
Social Work Is
Some
principles of social work, namely:
1.
Acceptance means that a social worker must accept the client as he is,
understand the way the client thinks, the values of the client, the various
needs of the client and the client's feelings;
2.
Non-judgemental, meaning that a social worker should not be prejudiced against
the client, should not judge the client from the negative side, but see the
client from his strength-based side;
3.
Individualization, meaning that a social worker must address and appreciate the
unique nature and behavior of clients. Because every client who has different
character traits between clients with one another;
4.
Self-Determination is the freedom to make decisions by the client. It is
important for the client to choose the right decision according to himself. So
the role of social workers here is to provide the best views, opinions and
solutions. But it is the client who decides what is best for him;
5.
Genuine / congruence, meaning that in this case a social worker must be
himself, not be a made-up person as well as personal selflessness when doing
social work practices;
6.
Controlling emotional involvement, means that social workers are able to be
objective and neutral. So a peksos in this case must promote empathy from his
sympathy, must be able to control himself in responding to the client,
understand the client's situation and view the client's response as a natural
thing by looking at the situation and conditions faced by the client; and
7.
Confidentiality: social workers must keep confidential information about the
identity, the content of conversations with clients, the opinions of other
professionals or case records about the client. The seven principles are the
foundation as well as the limits of social work in intervening with its clients
in accordance with the settings found.
Social Work Is, Social Work Skills
and Knowledge
Social Work Is
Suharto
(2008:114) mentioned that there are several social work settings that can be
considered in providing assistance to clients, namely:
1.
Family and Child Services. The activities carried out can be: family
strengthening, family counseling, child maintenance and adoption, daily care,
prevention of neglect and domestic violence.
2.
Health and rehabilitation. Activities carried out in the form of: patient
assistance in hospitals, community health development, mental health,
vocational rehabilitation, rehabilitation of drug and alcohol addicts,
assistance to PLWHA, Harm Reduction Programs.
3.
Community Development. Activities carried out in the form of: Social Planning,
community organizing, neighborhood revitalization, environmental care, social
resilience, strengthening social and small economic capital.
4.
Social protection. Activities carried out in the form of: Social Insurance
Scheme, social assistance, social fund, social safety net.
5.
Emergency services. The activities carried out are: aid organization, crisis
management, information and referral, refugee integration, community early
warning development.
6.
School social work. Activities carried out in the form of: school adjustment
counseling, student behavior management, tuition allowance management,
organizing student lunches, increasing family and community participation in
education.
7.
Industrial social work. Activities carried out in the form of: employee
assistance programs, handling stress and burn-out, job placement and
relocation, Retirement Planning, Corporate Social Responsibility.
Social Work Is, Tasks Of Social
Worker
Social Work Is
Dolgoof
and Feldstein (2007:4) state that, “Social welfare is all social interventions
intended to enhance or maintain the social functioning of human beings. Social
work is a professional occupation that delivers social welfare services”.
Social
workers have a code of ethics when practicing both in social services to
individual groups, communities, and communities. Social worker practices
include micro (social workers perform practices to solve individual or
individual problems), mezzo (social workers practice solving family and other
small group problems), macro (social workers perform practices to solve larger
group problems and work with organizations or communities to make social change
and social policies).
Social Work Is, Social Work
Practice Skills
Social Work Is
Next Is J. Marbun (2011:154) describes several variables that determine the
role of professional social workers, namely:
1.
A dualistic approach to social work: change and personal development, and
change and development as a whole.
2.
The functions of Social Work Practice are interrelated: prevention by
developing research, analysis, preparation and development of social welfare
policies, programs and services
2.
As an enabler
This
role is often used in the profession of social workers because it is an early
concept of empowerment. Social workers focus on the ability, capacity, and
competence of the client or recipient of services to help themselves. Peksos
will identify goals, facilitate communication, cohesive and synergize
relationships, and provide opportunities for problem solving/conflict
resolution.
3.
As a mediator
Social
Workers Act to seek agreement, promote reconciliation of differences, to reach
a satisfactory agreement, and to intervene on the parts in conflict, including
discussing all issues in a compromising and persuasive manner.
The
role of social workers is to help resolve conflicts between two or more
systems, resolve disputes between families and clients/ recipients of services,
and obtain the rights of victims.
4.
As a lawyer (Advocate)
The
term advocate (defender) is derived from the legal profession. However, the
role of advocates in social work is different from advocates in the legal
realm. Advocates in the realm of social work are limited by interests arising
from clients or recipients of services.
Social
workers will act as spokespersons, explain and argue about the problems of
clients or recipients of services if necessary, defend the interests of victims
to ensure the source system, provide services needed, or change system policies
that are not responsive to the interests of victims.
5.
As a member of (conference)
The
role of the social worker includes exploration and clear understanding of the
problem, linking and emphasizing assessments that constitute a single problem,
designing goals to reduce pressure, creating common alternative strategies,
evaluating results, implementing strategies and terminating or terminating
services.
The
skills required in the consultant role are common skills used in social work
practice such as listening skills, probing, reinforcement/reflection, and
others.
6.
As a guardian
The
profession of social worker can protect clients or recipients of services, and
people at high risk of social life. Thus the client or recipient of the service
will feel comfortable to express his problem, release the burden of his mind,
and so on.
7.
As facilitator
Facilitators
are tasked with helping clients or service recipients to participate,
contribute, engage in New expertise, and formulate agreements that have been
reached together (Parson, et al. 1994:12).
Social
workers provide social services in accordance with the needs and problems faced
by clients or recipients of services. This is so that the client or recipient
of the service can think well about what is needed during the intervention
process.
8.
As an initiator
According
to Zastrow, the initiator is a role that gives attention to problems or things
that have the potential to be a problem (2000:75).
9.
As negotiator
This
role is mostly performed on clients or service recipients who experience conflicts
and require problem solving by compromise. The goal is to achieve a favorable
agreement between both parties so that it can be used to solve problems faced
by clients or service recipients. Nevertheless, the position of the initiator
is only in one of the parties to the conflict, in contrast to the position of
the mediator, who must be neutral betweenthe parties
Social Work Practice Skills, Social
Work Is
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Dolgoff,
Ralph & Feldstein, Donald. 2007. Understanding Social Welfare: a Search for
Social Justice. Boston: Pearson.
2. Marbun,
J. 2011. Social Work Strategies in dealing with contemporary issues. Part of
the book “Social Work in Indonesia: history and dynamics of its
development."Yogyakarta: Blue Ocean.
3. O'connor,
Ian, et.al. 2003. Social Work and Social Care Practice. London: Sage
Publications.
4. Parsons,
J. Ruth., Jorgensen James D., Hernandez, Santos H. 1994. The Integration of
Social Work Practice. Pacific Grove: Broke/Cole.
5. Sheafor,
Bradford W., & Horejsi, Charles R. 2003. Techniques and guidelines for
Social Work Practice. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
6. Soelaiman,
Holil. 2011. Social Work Practice and education (history and future).
7. Part
of the book “Social Work in Indonesia: history and dynamics of its
development."Yogyakarta: Blue Ocean.
8. Suharto,
Edi. 2008. Social policy as Public Policy: the role of Social Welfare
Development and Social Work in realizing the Welfare State in Indonesia.
Bandung: CV. Alfabeta.
9. Tan,
Ngoh-Tiong & Envall, Ellis. 2000. Social Work: Challenges in the New
millennium. Switzerland: IFSW Press.
10. Zastrow,
Charles H. 1999. The Practice of Social Work. Pacific Grove: Brooks / Cole.
11. Internet
12. Derizon
Yazid. Indonesia lacks 155 thousand social workers
http://www.antaranews.com/berita/371827 / indonesia-shortage-of-155-thousand-social-workers,
retrieved 13 July 2013.
13. Legislation
Law Number 11 of 2009 on Social Welfare
